Frequently Asked Questions
This FAQ page is for anyone who wants to understand stem cell donation in more detail. It covers the practical stuff, the medical stuff, and the questions people often wonder about late at night.
Some of these questions also appear elsewhere on our site. That’s intentional. We believe people deserve clear answers where and when they need them.
Donating stem cells - the basics
What is a stem cell donation?
A stem cell donation is when someone donates their blood stem cells to help save the life of a person with blood cancer or a serious blood disorder.
For some people, a stem cell transplant isn’t one option among many. It’s their only chance.
Most stem cell donations happen through the bloodstream. It’s like a long plasma donation. No surgery. No drama. Much simpler than most people expect.
Why do people need a stem cell transplant?
People need a stem cell transplant when their bone marrow stops doing its job properly.
Bone marrow is where your body makes blood. When someone has a blood cancer or a serious blood disorder, that system can break down and stop producing healthy blood cells.
Many people respond well to treatments like chemotherapy. But for some, those treatments aren’t enough. In those cases, a stem cell transplant is needed to replace their damaged blood forming system with healthy stem cells from a donor.
For some people, a stem cell transplant isn’t one option among many. It’s the only way forward.
Who can join the stem cell donor registry?
Most people can join the stem cell donor registry if they’re aged 18 to 35, in good general health, and hold a green or blue Medicare card.
That means you need to be an Australian citizen or permanent resident.
When you sign up to the stem cell donor registry, you’re not committing to donate straight away. You’re simply saying yes to being considered if you’re ever a match for someone who needs a stem cell transplant.
Most people who join the registry are never called. But if you are, it’s because you could save someone’s life.
No pressure. Just the chance to do something pretty legendary.
How do I sign up to be a stem cell donor?
Signing up to the stem cell donor registry is simple and doesn’t involve needles or appointments.
You can sign up online in a few minutes. If you’re eligible, you’ll be sent a cheek swab kit in the post. You send it back, and that’s it. You’re on the stem cell donor registry.
You can also join the registry when donating blood or plasma at Lifeblood. That’s still one of the most common ways people sign up, especially if you already donate.
Once you’re on the registry, you go back to normal life. If you’re ever a match for someone who needs a stem cell transplant, the medical team will contact you and walk you through every step before anything happens.
Easy to join. No pressure. Big stakes.
Do I need to donate blood to join the stem cell donor registry?
No. You don’t need to donate blood or plasma to join the stem cell donor registry.
Many people do join while donating blood or plasma at Lifeblood. It’s one of the most common ways people sign up, and it’s a great option if you already donate. We’re big supporters of blood and plasma donation, and we genuinely love people who do it.
If you’re not a blood or plasma donor, you can sign up online and a cheek swab kit will be sent to your door. No needles. No appointments.
Different paths. Same impact.
Eligibility and matching
Why do I need to be aged 18 to 35 to join the stem cell donor registry?
Because younger stem cell donors give patients better outcomes. That’s just science.
Doctors choose younger donors because it lowers the risk of complications and improves survival and quality of life for the person receiving the transplant. It’s not about how fit you are, how healthy you eat, or how many steps you get in. Younger stem cells just give the patient a better shot.
When you join the stem cell donor registry between the ages of 18 and 35, you stay on the registry for years. That creates the biggest possible window for you to be a match if someone needs a stem cell transplant.
If you’re 36 or over, this doesn’t mean you’re out. It just means you have a different job now.
You can help by finding the next generation of donors. Share the message. Encourage someone aged 18 to 35 to sign up. Help us raise funds so we can recruit more donors and support more nursing scholarships.
Younger donors save lives. Older supporters make the whole thing possible. Both matter to us.
How are stem cell donors matched to patients?
Stem cell donors are matched to patients based on tissue type. That’s genetics, not blood type.
Tissue type is part of your immune system. It needs to closely match the person receiving the transplant so their body can accept the donated stem cells.
Because tissue type is inherited, people are more likely to match with someone who shares a similar ethnic background or mix of backgrounds. That’s why finding a match can be difficult, and why having a diverse stem cell donor registry really matters.
When you join the registry, your tissue type is added to a global database. If you’re ever a close match for someone who needs a stem cell transplant, the medical team will contact you and explain what happens next.
Most people will never be a match. But for the person who is waiting, the right match is everything.
Is matching based on blood type?
No. Stem cell matching isn’t based on blood type.
It’s based on tissue type, which comes from your genetics and plays a big role in how your immune system works. That’s what doctors look at when they’re finding a donor whose stem cells a patient’s body can accept.
Blood type matters for blood transfusions. Tissue type matters for stem cell transplants. Different jobs.
That’s also why finding a match can take time, and why having lots of people on the registry really matters.
Why does ethnic background matter when finding a match?
Because tissue type is inherited.
That means you’re more likely to be a match for someone who shares a similar ethnic background, or a mix of backgrounds, to you. The closer the genetic match, the better the chance the transplant will work.
Australia is incredibly diverse, but the stem cell donor registry doesn’t fully reflect that diversity yet. This makes it much harder for some patients to find a suitable match, even when donors are willing and ready.
That’s why having people from all backgrounds on the registry matters so much. For someone waiting on a transplant, the right match isn’t just helpful. It’s everything.
No pressure. Just representation saving lives.
What are the chances I’ll be called up to donate stem cells?
For most people, the chances are very low.
There are millions of people on stem cell donor registries around the world, and most will never get a call. Many people join, live their lives, and are never matched to anyone.
If you are contacted, it’s because you’re a close genetic match for someone who needs a stem cell transplant. That match is rare, and incredibly specific.
So yes, the odds are small. But for the person who does need you, the timing couldn’t matter more.
Low chances. Massive impact.
Can I be asked to donate more than once?
For most people, it’s very unlikely to donate even once.
There are over 43 million people on stem cell donor registries worldwide, and the majority will never be called.
In very rare cases, a donor may be asked to donate again for the same person. This doesn’t happen often, and you’d be fully informed and supported before making any decision.
You’re always in control. And if you’re ever asked, it’s because you could make an extraordinary difference for someone who needs it.
Rare ask. Huge trust.
What’s donating stem cells actually like?
Is donating stem cells painful?
For most people, no. Sure there’s a few jabs along the way, but that’s needed.
The most common way to donate stem cells is through the bloodstream. The donation’s like a long plasma donation. You’re sitting down, you can watch Netflix, doom scroll, or have a nap. The medical team is there the whole time to make sure you’re absolutely fine.
Some people feel a bit uncomfortable beforehand from the G-CSF injections. These help your body produce extra stem cells and move them into the bloodstream. Side effects can include sore joints, muscle aches, or mild flu-like symptoms. That’s normal, and it shows things are working as planned.
These side effects are expected, temporary, and usually settle quickly after donation. The medical team will guide you on how to manage them and check in with you throughout.
Serious pain is uncommon, and donors are closely monitored at every step. You’re never pushed to “tough it out”. If something doesn’t feel right, the team listens.
Short version: it’s manageable, it doesn’t last, and most people say it was much easier than they expected.
No heroics required.
What does donating stem cells feel like?
For most people, it’s pretty uneventful.
The donation is just like a long plasma donation. You’re sitting down comfortably, with a small cannula in each arm while the machine does the work. There’s no surgery, and you’re awake the whole time.
People often describe it as mildly boring more than anything else. You can watch shows, doom scroll, or listen to music. The medical team checks on you regularly and makes sure you’re comfortable throughout.
Afterwards, some people feel a bit tired, like after a long day or a big workout. Most are back to normal life very quickly.
Not dramatic. Not scary. Just time, patience, and a really good reason for being there.
How long does it take to donate stem cells?
For most people, the donation itself takes around four to five hours on the day.
You’re sitting down comfortably while the machine collects stem cells from your bloodstream and returns everything else back to you. The medical team is there the whole time, keeping an eye on things and making sure you’re comfortable.
There’s also some preparation in the days beforehand, which the team will explain well in advance. Nothing comes out of the blue, and nothing happens without your say-so.
Most donors head home the same day. Many are back to normal life the next day, or very soon after.
A few hours of your time. A lifetime for someone else.
What happens on the day of donation?
On donation day, you’ll head to the hospital or centre where the procedure takes place. The team will walk you through what’s happening, check how you’re feeling, and answer any last questions before you start.
You’ll be seated comfortably while the machine collects stem cells from your bloodstream and returns everything else back to you. You can watch shows, doom scroll, listen to music, or nap. The medical team keeps an eye on you throughout and checks in regularly.
Once the donation is done, you’ll be monitored for a short time. Depending on your situation, you may head back to your accommodation or home. Either way, you’re well looked after.
Nothing rushed. Nothing unexpected. Just a team making sure you’re okay while you do something legendary.
Will I need time off work or uni to donate?
Most people will need to take the day off on the day they donate.
If you’re donating through the bloodstream, the donation itself usually takes around four to five hours. That’s why most people plan the day around it, even though the procedure isn’t all day.
In less common cases where stem cells are collected from the bone marrow, the process is different and involves a short procedure under a general anaesthetic. If that applies to you, the medical team will explain everything well in advance so you can plan properly.
Depending on where you live, you may also need to travel or stay nearby. Some donors choose to take the following day off as well, just to rest.
Everything is planned with you, not just for you. You’ll know what to expect before you commit to anything.
A small pause on your calendar. A massive impact for someone else.
Preparing to donate stem cells
Are there different ways to donate stem cells?
Yes. There are two ways stem cells can be donated.
The most common method is donating through the bloodstream. This is how the majority of stem cell donations happen. It involves a few days of preparation, followed by a donation that’s like a long plasma donation.
Less commonly, stem cells are collected directly from the bone marrow. This happens under a general anaesthetic and is usually recommended only when it’s the best option for the person receiving the transplant.
If you’re ever matched, the medical team will explain which method is recommended and why. You’re given clear information, plenty of time to ask questions, and space to make an informed decision.
What happens if I'm matched?
If you’re ever matched, nothing happens straight away.
You’ll be contacted by the medical team and talked through what the match means. There are some health checks and blood tests, mostly to make sure donating is safe for you and the right option for the person who needs it.
You’ll be told which donation method is recommended and why. If it’s through the bloodstream, that includes a few days of injections to help your body make extra stem cells. If bone marrow donation is recommended instead, that process will be explained clearly too.
You’re not rushed. You’re not pressured. You get time to ask questions, think it through, and understand exactly what’s involved.
Nothing moves forward without you saying yes.
Calm conversations. Clear info. No surprises.
What is G-CSF and why are injections needed?
G-CSF is a medication that helps your body make extra stem cells before donation.
If you’re donating through the bloodstream, you’ll have G-CSF injections for four days before donation day. These injections encourage stem cells to move out of the bone marrow and into your bloodstream, where they can be collected. That’s the whole job. Nothing mysterious.
The injections are small, and most people either give them at home or have help from a nurse.
It might sound intense. It’s actually very routine. G-CSF has been used safely for many years, and the medical team checks in with you throughout to make sure you’re feeling okay.
Four days of prep. A lifetime for someone else.
What are the side effects of G-CSF injections?
Most people feel some mild, temporary side effects while they’re having the G-CSF injections.
The most common ones are things like bone or muscle aches, sore joints, headaches, or feeling a bit tired. Some people describe it as flu-like, but without actually being sick. It’s not a sign anything’s wrong. It just means the G-CSF is doing exactly what it’s meant to do.
Side effects vary from person to person. Some people feel very little. Others notice it more. Either way, the medical team checks in with you regularly and will guide you on how to manage any discomfort.
These side effects don’t last. They usually settle once the injections stop and donation is done.
Temporary discomfort. Long-term impact.
How long do G-CSF side effects last?
For most people, side effects only last while you’re having the G-CSF injections.
They usually start a day or two into the injections and settle quickly once the injections stop. For many donors, that’s within a day or so after donation.
Everyone’s different. Some people notice very little. Others feel a bit achy or tired for a few days. Either way, it’s temporary and closely monitored by the medical team.
More than 1.5 million people worldwide have donated stem cells. Most get back to feeling like themselves the very next day.
Short-lived side effects. Long-lasting impact.
Risks and Safety
Is donating stem cells safe?
Yes. Donating stem cells is considered very safe.
More than 1.5 million people around the world have donated stem cells. It’s a well-established medical process, and donor safety is always the top priority.
Before anything happens, you’re carefully assessed to make sure donating is safe for you. During the process, you’re closely monitored by a specialist medical team, and support doesn’t stop once the donation is over.
Most side effects are short term and manageable, like feeling tired or achy for a few days. Serious complications are rare.
You’re looked after. You’re listened to. And you’re never expected to push through anything that doesn’t feel right.
Low risk. High impact.
Are there any long-term health risks for stem cell donors?
No. There’s no evidence that donating stem cells causes long-term health problems for donors.
Hundreds of thousands of people have donated stem cells worldwide and been followed up over time. Your body naturally replaces the stem cells you donate.
Most donors go on with life exactly as before, just with the knowledge that they helped save someone’s life.
Nothing taken forever. A lot given in the moment.
Can I change my mind about donating?
Yes. Absolutely.
You can ask to be removed from the stem cell donor registry at any time by letting Stem Cell Donors Australia know. Your choice always matters.
That said, it’s really important to understand the commitment before you sign up. If you’re ever matched, someone’s life may depend on that donation, on you. By the time a transplant is planned, the person receiving it has often already been through months of treatment and is relying on those stem cells to go ahead.
That’s why the process is explained clearly and upfront, and why you’re given time to ask questions and understand what’s involved before anything happens.
No pressure. Just honesty. And respect for the person on the other side.
Can donating stem cells affect my fertility or future health?
No. There’s zero evidence that donating stem cells affects your fertility or causes long-term health problems.
More than 1.5 million people worldwide have donated stem cells, and donors are followed up over time. Your body naturally replaces the stem cells you donate. That process happens all the time anyway. Donation just gives it a short nudge.
Most donors go on with life exactly as before. Same body. Same plans. Just with the knowledge that they helped save someone’s life.
Well studied. Widely done. Very human.
What happens if something doesn’t feel right during the donation?
You speak up. And the team listens.
You’re closely monitored the whole time you’re donating. If anything feels uncomfortable or off, the medical team checks in straight away and adjusts what’s happening. That might mean slowing things down, taking a break, or stopping altogether.
There are also a few sensations that are common and explained beforehand. For example, some people notice a tingling feeling in their fingers or lips during donation. It’s temporary and easily treated on the spot, often with something as simple as magnesium.
You’re never expected to push through pain or ignore how you’re feeling. Donor safety comes first, always.
This isn’t about toughing it out. It’s about doing something generous in a setting where you’re properly cared for.
Your body. Your call. Every step of the way.
The Practical Stuff
Where do I donate my stem cells?
If you’re ever matched, you’ll donate your stem cells at a hospital or specialist donation centre.
Some donors donate close to home. Others may travel to a specialist centre if that’s the best option. It depends on where you live and what’s recommended for the person receiving the transplant.
You won’t be sent a map and told good luck. The medical team organises where you’ll go and what the day looks like.
You just show up. They take care of the rest.
Will I need to travel to donate stem cells?
Probably. It depends on where you live and where the closest suitable donation centre is.
Some donors can donate close to home. Others may need to travel to a specialist centre. If travel is needed, it’s planned with you and organised in advance.
You’re not expected to figure out logistics or book things yourself. The medical team sorts it out and tells you exactly what’s happening.
You focus on showing up. They handle the admin.
Will my travel and accommodation be covered?
Absolutely.
If you need to travel to donate your stem cells, your travel, accommodation, and food are covered for you and a plus one. That might be a partner, a family member, or a mate.
The aim is simple. Donating shouldn’t cost you anything or add stress.
You show up. You donate. Everything else is handled.
Will I be out of pocket if I donate stem cells?
No. Not at all.
If you’re asked to donate your stem cells, all reasonable costs are covered. That includes travel, accommodation, food, and anything else needed to make the donation happen.
The idea is simple. You’re doing something incredibly generous. It shouldn’t cost you a cent.
No bills. No awkward expenses.
Will I get paid to donate stem cells?
No.
Stem cell donation isn’t paid. People donate because someone needs stem cells to stay alive, not because there’s money involved.
You won’t be out of pocket. Travel, accommodation, food, it’s all covered. But there’s no payment for donating itself.
That’s kind of the point.
Will I need time off work or uni to donate stem cells?
Yes. You’ll at least need to take the day off on the day you donate.
If you’re donating through the bloodstream, the donation itself usually takes around four to five hours, which doesn’t fit neatly between meetings or lectures.
In less common cases where stem cells are collected from the bone marrow, the process is different and involves a short procedure under a general anaesthetic. If that applies to you, you’ll know well in advance and can plan properly.
Depending on where you live, you may also need to travel or stay nearby. Some donors take the following day off too, just to rest.
Nothing is rushed. Nothing is sprung on you. You’ll know exactly what’s involved before donation day.
What happens after donating stem cells?
How will I feel after donating stem cells?
Most people feel fine afterwards, just a bit tired.
If you’ve donated through the bloodstream, you’ll often feel more uncomfortable in the days leading up to the donation because of the G-CSF injections. By the time the donation itself is done, many people actually start to feel better, even if they’re a bit wiped.
Some donors have mild aches or feel tired for a day or two. Others feel almost back to normal straight away.
If you’ve donated through the bone marrow, recovery can take a little longer. You might feel sore or stiff for a few days, especially around the hips. That’s expected and managed with rest and simple pain relief.
Either way, you’re checked before you leave and supported if you need anything afterwards.
Some people are also surprised by how they feel emotionally. Knowing you may have saved someone’s life can hit in unexpected ways. Donors sometimes describe feeling proud, lighter, or quietly euphoric for weeks or even months afterwards.
Nothing dramatic. Temporary fatigue. A lasting sense you did something meaningful.
How long does recovery take after donating stem cells?
For most people, recovery is pretty quick.
If you donate through the bloodstream, many donors feel back to normal within a day or two.
If you donate through the bone marrow, recovery can take a bit longer. Yes, you’ll be sore for a few days. Someone has, quite literally, been busy near your hip. Rest helps. So does remembering why you were there.
You’re followed up after donation and supported if you need anything. And while your body recovers, someone else is getting a second chance at life because of you.
A few sore days. A very big outcome.
How long does it take for my body to replace the donated stem cells?
Pretty quickly.
Your body is constantly producing new stem cells. It does this every second of every day.
If you donate through the bloodstream, the G CSF injections tell your body to temporarily produce extra stem cells before donation. That means the stem cells collected come from that short term boost, not from a limited supply you need to protect.
After donation, your body simply eases back to its usual rhythm. For most people, stem cell levels return to normal within a few weeks.
Nothing is permanently taken. You don’t run out. This is one of the reasons donating stem cells is considered safe and why more than 1.5 million people worldwide have donated.
Your body keeps doing its thing. Someone else gets a chance to keep doing theirs.
Will I need follow up care after donating?
Yes, but it’s straightforward.
After you donate, the medical team checks in to make sure you’re recovering as expected. That might be a follow up call or appointment, depending on how you donated and how you’re feeling.
More than 1.5 million people worldwide have donated stem cells. Follow up care is one of the reasons we know the process is safe and that donors recover well.
Most people don’t need any ongoing treatment. The follow up is there to make sure everything settles properly, not because something’s wrong.
Donated. Followed up. All good.
Can I meet the person I donated stem cells to?
Not usually, no. At least not straight away.
Donations are anonymous at first. This protects both you and the person receiving the transplant while they focus on recovery.
In Australia, donors and recipients can choose to connect after two years. That only happens if both people agree and feel comfortable with it. If the person you donated to lives overseas, the timing can vary depending on the country.
Sometimes donors and recipients do meet. When that happens, it’s exactly as emotional as you’d expect. There’s usually not a dry eye anywhere.
If it happens, it’s unforgettable. If it doesn’t, it still mattered.
Could I be asked to donate stem cells again?
It’s highly unlikely.
There are more than 43 million people on stem cell donor registries worldwide, and most donors are never asked to donate even once.
In rare cases, a donor may be asked to donate again for the same person. This usually only happens if the transplant team believes it could genuinely help and if the donor is willing and medically able.
If that ever came up, nothing would be assumed. You’d be given clear information, time to think, and the chance to say yes or no.
It doesn’t happen often.
When it does, it really matters.
Be a Legend, Save a Life
Ready to Join?
If you’ve read this far, you already get it. Donating stem cells isn’t nothing. But it’s also not the terrifying medical drama people imagine at 2 am. It might mean a few jabs and half a day sitting in a chair. For the person on the other side of the transplant, it could mean staying alive.
If you’re aged 18 to 35 and generally healthy, you can join the Australian stem cell donor registry in just a few minutes. A cheek swab kit gets sent to your place. Do the swabs. Send it back.
You might never get the call. Most people don’t. But if you do, you could be the one person who can help.
Short effort for you. A life changing moment for them.
Be a legend, save a life